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Turkey : General Elections of 11th March 2003 (Results)

Recep Tayyip Erdogan élu deputé lors d'élections législatives partielles en Turquie


Corinne Deloy
Les habitants de la province de Siirt, située dans le Sud-Est anatolien de Turquie, ont élu dimanche 9 mars leurs trois députés au cours d’élections législatives partielles. Les précédentes élections du 3 novembre dernier avaient été annulées par le Haut conseil électoral pour vice de procédure dans trois villages (les comités électoraux n’avaient pas été formés conformément aux lois en vigueur). Le Parti démocratique du peuple (DEHAP), formation pro-kurde, avait recueilli 32% des suffrages mais ayant obtenu seulement 5% au niveau national, n’avait pas été autorisé à être représenté au Parlement (la loi électorale turque exige que tout parti rassemble au moins 10% des suffrages exprimés au niveau national). Le Parti de la justice et du développement (AKP) avait recueilli 17% des voix et le Parti républicain du peuple (CHP) 8%. Le Parti démocratique du peuple a appelé au boycott de ces nouvelles élections. En outre, samedi 8 mars, à l’occasion de la journée mondiale de la femme, plus d’un millier de femmes kurdes ont manifesté devant le siège du DEHAP pour dénoncer l’injustice dont est victime la formation kurde, premier parti de la région.

L’intérêt de ce scrutin tenait tout entier dans la candidature à la députation de Recep Tayyip Erdogan, leader du Parti de la justice et du développement, large vainqueur des élections législatives du 3 novembre dernier avec 34,2% des suffrages, et réel dirigeant du pays, empêché d’accéder à la fonction de Premier ministre pour avoir été déclaré inéligible le 16 septembre 2002 par le Haut conseil électoral (la loi électorale turque exige que le Premier ministre soit également député). La nouvelle majorité parlementaire a voté le 26 décembre dernier des amendements constitutionnels, approuvés par le Président turc Ahmet Necdet Sezer après un premier veto deux semaines plus tôt, permettant à Recep Tayyip Erdogan de se présenter à la députation, ironie du sort, dans la ville même où le 6 décembre 1997, il avait été condamné et emprisonné pour « incitation à la haine religieuse » après avoir récité en public quelques vers du poète nationaliste turc Ziya Gökalp (« Nos mosquées sont nos casernes, nos dômes nos casques, les minarets sont nos baïonnettes et les croyants sont nos soldats »). Les affiches électorales du candidat Erdogan proclamaient ainsi : « Le brave ressurgit à l’endroit où il est tombé ». Recep Tayyip Erdogan est également lié à Siirt par sa femme qui en est originaire.

Quatre formations politiques étaient en lice pour ces nouvelles élections législatives, le Parti de la justice et du développement (AKP), le Parti républicain du peuple (CHP) et deux petites formations de gauche. Le Parti de la justice et du développement a largement remporté le scrutin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan recueillant 84,7% des suffrages exprimés. « Cette date du 9 mars est un tournant dans la lutte pour un Etat démocratique, un Etat de droit et un Etat juste », a déclaré le leader de l’AKP à l’annonce des résultats, ajoutant ironiquement : « Ce résultat est beau comme un poème ». Les trois candidats du Parti de la justice et du développement ont été élus députés. Le Parti républicain du peuple a obtenu quant à lui 13,8% des voix. Le taux de participation a été de 62%.

L’élection de Recep Tayyip Erdogan lui permet donc d’accéder au poste de Premier ministre de Turquie et de remplacer son bras droit Abdullah Gül, considéré depuis sa nomination comme Premier ministre par intérim à la tête du gouvernement. La passation de pouvoirs devrait avoir lieu dès la publication des résultats officiels le 12 mars prochain. Cette élection devrait également permettre de débloquer l’envoi de troupes combattantes sur le territoire turc en cas d’intervention militaire en Irak. Le 1er mars dernier, l’envoi de 62 000 fantassins et de soldats turcs dans le nord de l’Irak avait été rejetée à quatre voix près par la Grande Assemblée nationale de Turquie (Parlement), de nombreux députés du Parti de la justice et du développement s’y opposant (la formation détient trois cent soixante-deux des cinq cent cinquante sièges). Le Parti de la justice et du développement a d’ores et déjà annoncé qu’il demanderait que soit très rapidement procédé à un deuxième vote. Recep Tayyip Erdogan s’est déclaré favorable au transit des troupes américaines en Turquie et à l’ouverture d’un éventuel deuxième front dans le nord de l’Irak (Kurdistan) en cas d’invasion de ce pays. Le futur Premier ministre a appelé les parlementaires à « laisser de côté leurs émotions passagères et à agir en faveur de l’avenir du pays ». Signalons enfin qu’un nouveau vote négatif du Parlement turc priverait le pays des quinze milliards de dollars promis par les Etats-Unis en échange du transit de son armée en Turquie.



Publishing Director: Pascale JOANNIN

The Robert Schuman Foundation, created in 1991 and acknowledged by State decree in 1992, is the main French research centre on Europe. It develops research on the European Union and its policies and promotes the content of these in France , Europe and abroad. It encourages, enriches and stimulates European debate thanks to its research, publications and the organisation of conferences. The Foundation is presided over by Mr. Jean-Dominique Giuliani.

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