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Extraits de conférences et rapports Vendredi 12 mars 2010

Conférence du ministre des affaires étrangères

Paris, le 02 mars 1951.


La nécessité d’une solution européenne.



Notre objectif est de réintégrer l’ Allemagne dans le circuit productif et économique des pays démocratiques. Les Français, dans leur grande majorité, sont persuadés qu’il ne faut pas recommencer l’erreur commise au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, c’est-à-dire nous obstiner à chercher une garantie contre la revanche ou contre l’hégémonie allemande dans l’isolement de l’ Allemagne, qu’on tiendrait enserrée dans un système de restrictions et de prohibitions. Ce système était celui du traité de Versailles ; il s’est révélé inefficace et illusoire ; il a aggravé le chômage et, par là, favorisé la naissance d’un nationalisme qui a été le plus exalté et le plus dangereux de toute notre histoire contemporaine.

D’autre part, l’accession de l’ Allemagne à l’O.N.U. et à ses filiales n’est pas possible avant la conclusion d’un traité de paix ; elle se heurterait, en outre, si elle était demandée, au veto soviétique. Au surplus, une telle intégration de l’ Allemagne dans l’organisme mondial ne donnerait pas, à elle seule, des résultats satisfaisants. Les résultats ne seraient pas plus durables que les espoirs que l’on avait placés dans l’admission de l’ Allemagne weimarienne à la Société des Nations. L’O.N.U. est encore trop divisée en elle-même et trop inconsistante pour suffire à cette tâche de rééducation et de réadaptation. Il faut pour cela une discipline plus solide, une cohésion plus grande, un contrôle réciproque assuré par une coopération directe, permanente et par l’interpénétration des intérêts et des initiatives. Ce but ne pourra être atteint que dans un cadre plus restreint et dans un ensemble d’ États homogènes. Devrait-on tenter une expérience bilatérale, accepter, en d’autres mots, le tête-à-tête franco-allemand que l’on nous a proposé ? Nous croyons que le temps n’en est pas encore venu. Ce serait psychologiquement prématuré, économiquement dangereux. Nos préférences vont ainsi à une solution européenne de la question allemande.

R. SCHUMAN, Comment le Français d’aujourd’hui peut-il concevoir l’ Europe, Paris, 1951, p.4

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