Country Sheet : Germany

Information file

Last Update on June 14th 2026

GERMANY

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In English - version of June 14th 2026

Geography

Area : 357,022 km²

Borders : 3,621 km; Austria: 784 km, Belgium: 167 km, Czech Republic: 646 km, Denmark: 68 km, France: 451 km, Luxembourg: 138 km, Netherlands: 577 km, Poland: 456 km, Switzerland: 334 km

Coastline : 2,389 km

Capital : Berlin

Official language : German

Flag

Population

Population : 83 740 733 (03/2026 est.)

Crude natural change rate : - 4‰ (2025)

Population repartition: 13.8% under 15 years old, 23.7% over 65 years old (2024 est.)

Foreign residents: EU nationals 5.2%, non-EU nationals 7.0% (2019)

Crude net migration rate: - 1,8‰ (est. 2025)

First time asylum applicants: 113,236 (2025)

Life expectancy: men 79.6 years, women 84.1 years (2025 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 23.7%, Muslim 3.6%, other 4.8%, none 41.9% (2021 est.)

Ethnic groups: German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (est. 2021)

Source : Eurostat, World Fact Book

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 4,469, 910, 0 millions (2025)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 53 520 (2024)

GDP growth : 0,4% (Q4 2025)

Inflation: 2.1% (Jan 2026)

Public debt: 66% of GDP (Q1 2025)

Unemployment: 6.3% (Jan 2026)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 26.4% of GDP (2022)

Budget balance: -3.8% of GDP (2025)

Source : Eurostat, OECD, European Commission, FMI, Trading Economic

Political system

Federal Republic, representative parliamentary democracy.

Head of state: Frank-Walter Steinmeier, was elected on 12th February 2017, and was reelected on February 13th 2022.

Chancellor: Friedrich Merz, following the elections of February 23th 2025, has been leading a CDU/CSU ans SPD coalition since May 5th, 2025.

Bicameral parliamentary system: The Bundesrat (Federal council or Senate): comprises 69 representatives from Germany's 16 länders. The number of representatives allocated to each Land is determined according to its population. The Bundestag (Federal chamber): comprises 630 members of parliament elected for a four-year term by direct federal universal suffrage. Each voter has two votes, the first being a single-member constituency vote, the second being a party-list vote at the Länder level. The Bundestag has a minimum of 598 seats, although additional seats (currently 32) may be allocated under the Saint-Lägue method.