Country Sheet : Portugal

Information file

Last Update on 2nd June 2025

PORTUGAL

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In English - version of 2nd June 2025

Geography

Area : 92,226 km²

Borders : 1,214 km (with Spain)

Coastline : 1,793 km

Capital : Lisbon

Official language : Portuguese

Flag

Population

Population : 10,207,177 inhabitants (2024 est.)

Crude natural change rate : -1.4‰ (2024 est.)

Population repartition: 12.2% under 15 years old, 22.3% over 65 years old (2024 est.)

Foreign residents: 2% EU nationals, 5% non EU nationals (2021)

Crude net migration rate: 1.5‰ (2024 est.)

First time asylum applicants: 2,695 (2023)

Life expectancy: men 78.8 years, women 85.2 years (2024 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 80.2%, none 14.09%, Protestant 2.13%, other religions 3.59% (2021)

Ethnic groups: homogeneous Mediterranean population with African and Eastern European minorities

Source : Eurostat, Statista, Portuguese National Institute of statistics

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 285,180.6 million (2024)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 22,230 (2024)

GDP growth : 1.9% (2024)

Inflation: 2.3% (May 2025)

Public debt: 94.9% of GDP (December 2024)

Unemployment: 6.3% (April 2025)

Budget balance: 0.7% of GDP (December 2024)

Source : Eurostat, ECB, OECD, Country economy, Trading economics

Political system

Republic, parliamentary democracy

Head of State: Rebelo de Sousa (Social Democratic Party-PSD) elected on 24th January 2016, by direct universal suffrage for a 5-year mandate, and reelected for a second and last mandate on 24th January 2021.

Prime minister: Luis Montenegro (Social Democratic Party, PSD) in office since 2nd April 2024. He was re-elected after the elections of 18th May 2025. His coalition, the Democratic Alliance of the Center Right, has a majority. However, it does not have an absolute majority, which obliges it to enter into dialogue with the other political forces, in particular Chega (extreme right), now the leading opposition force.

Legislative power is held by the Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da República), which comprises 230 members who are elected for four years.