Country Sheet : Russia

Information file

Last Update on 9th July 2025

RUSSIA

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In English - version of 9th July 2025

Geography

Area : 17,098,242 km²

Borders : 22,408 km (Kazakhstan 7,644 km, China 4,133 km, Mongolia 3,452 km, Ukraine 1,944 km, Belarus 1,312 km, Finland 1,309 km, Georgia 894 km, Azerbaijan 338 km, Latvia 332 km, Estonia 324 km, Norway 191 km, North Korea 18 km; Borders with Oblast Kaliningrad: Lithuania 261 km, Poland 210 km)

Coastline : 37,653 Km (Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Caspian Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Black Sea, Baltic Sea)

Capital : Moscow

Official language : Russian

Source : The CIA World Factbook

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Population

Population : 140,820,810 (2024 est.)

Crude natural change rate : -0.49‰ (2024 est.)

Population repartition: 16.5% under 15 years old, 17.8% overs 65 years old (2024 est.)

Crude net migration rate: 0.8‰ (2024 est.)

Life expectancy: men 67.4 years, women 77.4 years (2024 est.)

Religions: Orthodox 41%, theists without any particular religion 25%, atheists 13%, Muslims 6.5%, other Christians 7.6%, Buddhists 0.5%, Other 1.5% (Sreda Arena Atlas 2012 on the 2010 census)

Ethnic groups: Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9% (2010 est.)

Source : The CIA World Factbook

Economy

Currency: Russian ruble (RUB) (exchange rate in July 2025 : €1 = 91.49 RUB)

GDP: $ 2,173.84 billion (2024)

GDP per capita (PPS): $ 14,390 (2024)

GDP growth : 1.8% (2025)

Inflation: 9.9% (May 2025)

Public debt: 21.9% of GDP (2025)

Unemployment: 2.2% (May 2025)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: $ 521 876 millions (2021)

Performance sectors: mining and extraction industries (coal, oil, gas, chemical products, metals), construction of machine tools, of ships, of agricultural machines, military and industrial complex, textile, agribusiness, craft industry

Budget balance: -1.7% of GDP (2025)

Source : World Bank, OCDE, Trading Economics, CEIC, Statista

Political system

Federal Presidential Republic (the Russian Federation, Constitution adopted on December 12th 1993) Head of State Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin between 1999 and 2008 and again since May 7th, 2012. He was re elected on 7th May 2018 and 17th March 2024.

Head of government Mikhail Mishustin was appointed Prime Minister on January 16th 2020 after the resigantion of Dmitri Medvedev's government.

The Federation Council (Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly. It comprises 170 members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 89 federal administrative units;

The State Duma a (Gosudarstvennaya Duma, is composed of 450 deputies directly elected for a 5 years-term with a proportional representation.