Country Sheet : Spain

Information file

Last Update on 11 May 2026

SPAIN

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In English - version of 11 May 2026

Geography

Area : 505,370 km²

Borders : 1953 km (Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km)

Coastline : 4,964 km

Capital : Madrid

Official language : Spanish

Flag

Population

Population : 49 128 197 (2025)

Crude natural change rate : -2.4‰ (2024 est.)

Population repartition: 12.9% under 15 years old, 20.7% over 65 years old (2025 est.)

Foreign residents: 4% EU nationals, 8% non EU nationals (2021)

Crude net migration rate: 4.1‰ (2024 est.)

First time asylum applicants: 143 700 (2025)

Life expectancy: men 81.4 years, women 86.5 years (2025)

Religions: Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non- believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)

Ethnic groups: Spanish 84.8%, Moroccan 1.7%, Romanian 1.2%, other 12.3% (2021 est.)

Source : Eurostat, Instituto Nacional de Estadística

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 1 687. 627 billion (2025)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 41 094 (2025)

GDP growth : 2.8% (2025)

Inflation: 3.2% (April 2026)

Public debt: 100.7% of GDP (Q4 2025)

Unemployment: 10.3% (April 2026)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 57.5% of GDP (2024)

Budget balance: -2.4% of GDP (2025)

Source : Eurostat, OCDE, Trading Economics, Countreconomics

Political system

Constitutional monarchy, democracy, bicameral parliamentary system

Head of State: King Felipe VI since 19th June 2014

Prime Minister: Pedro Sanchez (PSOE), president of the outgoing government, announced a new coalition government between the PSOE and the Sumar party on 17th November 2023.

The Cortes make up the Spanish parliament, they comprise two houses: The Congreso de los diputados (Congress of Deputies) comprises 350 members who are elected for four years by direct universal suffrage; the Senado (Senate) comprises 266 members among whom 208 are directly elected and 58 are designated by the regions.

Political representation

Composition of the Congreso de los diputados (in December 2024):

137 seats PP (People's Party)
121 seats Socialist Group : 101 PSOE (Spanish Socialist Workers Party), 19 PSC (Socialist Party of Catalonia)
33 seats VOX
31 seats Plurinational Group SUMAR
7 seats ERC (Republican Left of Catalonia)
7 seats Junts per Catalunya (Together for Catalonia)
6 seats EH Bildu (Reunite the Basque Country)
5 seats EAJ-PNV (Basque Nationalist Party)
1 seat BNG (Nationalist Blov Galego)
1 seat CC (Canaria Coalition)
1 seat UPN (Union of the people of Navarra)