In the fast-changing political landscape of Europe, Hungary has set a controversial example of a new style of governance[1]. Viktor Orbán’s Hungary is often seen as the pioneer of illiberal democracy, rejecting liberal democratic norms in favour of centralizing power, manipulating narratives, and eroding the checks and balances of the state. Orbán’s rise and methods have had a profound impact on the political trajectories of other European nati...Lire la suite

The farmers' protests of the winter 2025-2026 are an amplified replica of those of two years ago, mainly in France, due in particular to competition between, on the one hand, the FNSEA[1] (Fédération nationale des syndicats d’exploitants agricoles) and the Young Farmers, and on the other hand, the very aggressive Coordination Rurale and the Confédération Paysanne.

These protests focused on two issues:

-...Lire la suite

   In 2026, Europe is set to become an even stronger bastion for women's rights. A pioneer on the world stage, the European Union is translating its values into a set of guarantees to ensure the best possible situation for women. Behind certain regulations lies a political project with a new ambition: to transform the ethical values that form the very foundations of the European project into a tangible reality. In this area, European standards, which are always the result of discuss...Lire la suite

The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is worrying the international community and especially the Europeans. Milorad Dodik, president of the Serbian entity, is refusing to apply the decisions taken by the High Representative appointed by the international community and is threatening the whole framework established thirty years ago by the Dayton-Paris Agreement. Can you explain the reasons for this discord and what the risks are? 

This year, we commemorate the thirtieth annive...Lire la suite

II - Evaluation of external missions and operations 

2.1 From a diplomatic point of view. 

The stakes involved in these military operations are enormous. Military operations form part of the international landscape, and an external operation is political before it is military. Failure would have spelled the end of the CSDP, and Europe would have had to abandon all international ambitions. By resorting to the use of force, it is employing tools that are usually re...Lire la suite