Country Sheet : France

Information file

Last Update on October 29th 2026

FRANCE

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In English - version of October 29th 2026

Geography

Area : 547,030 km² (Metropolitan France); 643,427 km² (with overseas regions)

Borders : 2,889 km (Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km)

Coastline : 3,427 km (Metropolitan France); 4,668 km (with overseas regions)

Capital : Paris

Official language : French

Flag

Population

Population : 69,082,000 (on January 1st 2026)

Crude natural change rate : 0.3‰ (2024)

Population repartition: 16,6% under 15 years old (2025), 21,9% over 65 years old (2025)

Foreign residents: 2.2% EU nationals, 5.1% non-EU nationals (2019)

Crude net migration rate: 2.8‰ (2024)

First time asylum applicants: 151,545 (2025)

Life expectancy: men 80,2 years, women 85.8 years (2024)

Religions: None 53%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 10%, other Christians 9%, Buddhist 0.5%, Jewish 0.5% (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups: Celtic, Latin and Basque, with German, Slavic, Arabic, African and Asian minorities

Source : Eurostat, Insee

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: 2,979.085 billion (2025)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 46,568 (2024)

GDP growth : 0.9% (April 2026)

Inflation: 1.8% (April 2026)

Public debt: 118.4% of GDP (April 2026)

Unemployment: 8.3% (Q2 2026)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 31.9% of GDP (2024)

Budget balance: -5,1% of GDP (2025)

Source : Eurostat, Countryeconomy, Tradingeconomics, IMF

Political system

Republic, parliamentary democracy

Head of State : Emmanuel Macron (EPR, Ensemble pour la République) was elected on May 7th 2017 and re-elected on April 24th 2022 for a second 5-year term.

Head of Government : Sébastien Lecornu (Renaissance) since October 12th 2025. He leads a coalition government with the Democratic Movement, Horizons, the Union of Democrats and Independents, and The Republicans

Bicameral legislative power : The Assemblée nationale (House of Representatives) numbers 577 deputies, elected for a 5-year term by direct universal suffrage. The Sénat (Senate) comprises 348 senators elected for 6 years by indirect universal suffrage by a college made up of approximately 150,000 people. Every three years, half of the seats are up for re-election.

Political representation

Composition of the Assemblée nationale (on October 29th 2026) :

121 seats National Rally (RN)
90 seats Ensemble pour la République
70 seats La France Insoumise (LFI)
68 seats Socialists and affiliated
47 seats The Republican Right
38 seats Écologiste et Social
37 seats The Democrats (MoDem)
35 seats Horizons & Independents
23 seats Liberties, Independents, Overseas and Territories (LIOT)
17 seats Gauche Démocrate et Républicaine
17 seats Right-wing Union for the Republic (UDR)
11 non affiliated
3 vacant seats

Composition of the Senate (on October 29th 2026) :

124 seats Les Républicains (LR)
62 seats Socialist Party (PS)
63 seats Centrist Union group and Independents (UCI)
16 seats Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent group (RDPI)
15 seats The Independents – Republic and Territories group (LIRT)
18 seats Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group (CRCE)
15 seats Ecologist group (EST)
18 seats European Democratic and Social Rally group (RDSE)
15 seats National Union for Territories group (UNT)
2 seats Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group