Country Sheet : Bulgaria

Information file

Last Update on June 16th 2026

BULGARIA

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In English - version of June 16th 2026

Geography

Area : 100,910 km²

Borders : 1,808 km (Greece: 494 km, Macedonia: 148 km, Romania: 608 km, Serbia: 318 km, Turkey: 240 km)

Coastline : 354 km (Black Sea)

Capital : Sofia

Official language : Bulgarian

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Population

Population : 6,437,360 inhabitants (2025 est.)

Crude natural change rate : -7,3‰ (2024)

Population repartition: 14% of the total population < 15y , 23.9% of the total population > 65y (2025)

Foreign residents: EU nationals 0.4%, non-EU nationals 1.4% (2024)

Crude net migration rate: 6,1‰ (2024 est.)

First time asylum applicants: 3,895 (2025)

Life expectancy: men 72,2 years, women 79,5 years (2025)

Religions: Orthodox Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 3.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.)

Source : Eurostat, The World Factbook, ECB

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 116 billion (2025)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 29 929 (2025)

GDP growth : 3% (2025)

Inflation: 3.3% (February 2026)

Public debt: 25,5% of GDP (2025)

Unemployment: 3.2% (April 2026)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 55,6% of GDP (2024)

Performance sectors: food industry, tourism, petrochemistry

Budget balance: -2.9% of GDP (2025)

Source : Eurostat, European Commission, Bulgarian National Bank

Political system

Parliamentary Republic (Constitution of 12th July 1991):

Head of State: Iliana Iotova (Bulgarian Socialist Party), former vice-president under Rumen Radev, took office on 23 January 2026 following his resignation in December 2025.

Prime Minister: Roumen Radev was appointed on May 8, 2026. He currently heads a coalition government comprising the Social Democratic Political Movements, the Social Democratic Party, and the Our People Movement.

Monocameral parliamentary system: The National Assembly comprises 240 seats. The deputies are elected for four years by direct universal suffrage according to proportional representation. A threshold of 4% of votes must be reached in order for a political party to be represented in re

Political representation

Current composition of the National Assembly following the 9th June 2024 elections:

131 seats "Progressive Bulgaria"
39 seats GERB-UDF (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria- Union of Democratic Forces)
37 seats PP-DB (We Continue the Change- Democratic Bulgaria)
21 seats DPS-NN (Movement for Rights and Freedoms - New Beginning)
12 seats Vazrazhdane (far-right political party)