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Part 1

Given the relentless competition between the United States and China, and the heightened ambitions of certain regional powers, Europe is still struggling to assert itself as a leading geopolitical player. Threatened militarily on its borders, it is also under threat at its very heart from repeated hybrid attacks that undermine its stability and sovereignty.

Fortunately, Europe has initiated response and is now tackling head-on the digital, ...Lire la suite

   There are wars we did not see coming. The information war being waged against us is one example[1]. The countries of the European Union are now operating in a profoundly transformed political and strategic environment: a war of aggression unfolding on our continent; the explicit challenge to international law based on common rules established in the aftermath of the Second World War; a powerful ally, the United States of America, which appears to be challen...Lire la suite

The question of what the Western Balkans want from the European Union is currently addressed in two different ways[1]. The Western Balkans comprise Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro[2], Kosovo, Northern Macedonia and Albania, six states that have made European integration a major national objective and are therefore at ...Lire la suite

    Of its twenty-seven Member States, twenty-two are located on the coast, with exclusive economic zones covering 25 million km². A significant proportion of these – particularly in the case of France – are situated in its overseas territories, giving the continent a global dimension. This ‘maritime reality’[1] led the European Commission, very early on, in the early 2000s, to advocate an integrated approach to maritime affairs, n...Lire la suite