For several years, the European Community has been treading water. Not because it has not taken any action. No! It has developed a particularly large corpus of rules, to the point that it has sometimes gone too far. It has initiated new industrial and financial policies, even venturing into defence issues.

But political union has not really progressed and despite the energy and consistency of the President of the French Republic, despite the clouds that have gathered in the geopolitic...Lire la suite

In many respects, Europe has recently experienced a rude awakening, albeit a salutary one. Barely recovered from the Covid pandemic, it has had to contend with the most serious energy supply crisis since the oil shocks of the 1970s, due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent disruption of Russian gas supplies, particularly via the Nord Stream pipelines.

After electricity prices rose to extreme levels, their recent decline in Europe is particularly welcome. But this respite...Lire la suite

Even today, most of our fellow citizens are unaware that the European Union is actively involved in the fight against terrorism, money laundering and drug trafficking, in border protection and in the harmonisation of criminal legislation[1]. This is why a European internal security strategy, ProtectEU published by the Commission on April 1st is importan...Lire la suite

The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is worrying the international community and especially the Europeans. Milorad Dodik, president of the Serbian entity, is refusing to apply the decisions taken by the High Representative appointed by the international community and is threatening the whole framework established thirty years ago by the Dayton-Paris Agreement. Can you explain the reasons for this discord and what the risks are? 

This year, we commemorate the thirtieth annive...Lire la suite

The return of a forgotten conflict, both in everyday life and in the subconscious of European democracies since the end of the Cold War, invites us to revisit the foundations of geostrategy and the place of oceans within it. Europe is an island in the geostrategic sense: it has many maritime assets. In the new era ushered in by Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine and in the context of a ‘decentring of the world’[1], the European Union is gradually assertin...Lire la suite